CULT OF THE AMATEUR, THE(ISBN=9780385520812) 英文原版

Amateurhourhasarrived,andtheaudienceisrunningtheshowInahard-hittingandprovocativepolemic,SiliconValleyinsiderandpunditAndrewKeenexposesthegraveconsequencesoftoday’snewparticipatoryWeb2.0andrevealshowitthreatensourvalues,economy,andultimatelytheveryinnovationandcreativitythatformsthefabricofAmericanachievement.Ourmostvaluedculturalinstitutions,Keenwarns—ourprofessionalnewspapers,magazines,music,andmovies—arebeingovertakenbyanavalancheofamateur,user-generatedfreecontent.AdvertisingrevenueisbeingsiphonedoffbyfreeclassifiedadsonsiteslikeCraigslist;televisionnetworksareunderattackfromfreeuser-generatedprogrammingonYouTubeandthelike;file-sharinganddigitalpiracyhavedevastatedthemultibillion-dollarmusicbusinessandthreatentoundermineourmovieindustry.Worse,Keenclaims,our“cut-and-paste”onlineculture—inwhichintellectualpropertyisfreelyswapped,downloaded,remashed,andaggregated—threatensover200yearsofcopyrightprotectionandintellectualpropertyrights,robbingartists,authors,journalists,musicians,editors,andproducersofthefruitsoftheircreativelabors.Intoday’sself-broadcastingculture,whereamateurismiscelebratedandanyonewithanopinion,howeverill-informed,canpublishablog,postavideoonYouTube,orchangeanentryonWikipedia,thedistinctionbetweentrainedexpertanduninformedamateurbecomesdangerouslyblurred.Whenanonymousbloggersandvideographers,unconstrainedbyprofessionalstandardsoreditorialfilters,canalterthepublicdebateandmanipulatepublicopinion,truthbecomesacommoditytobebought,sold,packaged,andreinvented.TheveryanonymitythattheWeb2.0offerscallsintoquestionthereliabilityoftheinformationwereceiveandcreatesanenvironmentinwhichsexualpredatorsandidentitythievescanroamfree.WhilenoLuddite—KeenpioneeredseveralInternetstartupshimself—heurgesustoconsidertheconsequencesofblindlysupportingaculturethatendorsesplagiarismandpiracyandthatfundamentallyweakenstraditionalmediaandcreativeinstitutions.Offeringconcretesolutionsonhowwecanreigninthefree-wheeling,narcissisticatmospherethatpervadestheWeb,THECULTOFTHEAMATEURisawake-upcalltoeachandeveryoneofus.