随州擂鼓墩二号墓

TheTombNo.2atLeiguduninSuizhou（Abstract）ThetombNo.2atLeigudun（onamoundinZengdudistrict，2kilometersnorthwesttothecityproperofSuizhou）isthesecondlargesttombafterthewell-knowntomboftheMarquiseofZeng，i.e.，thetombNo.1atLeigudun.BothofthetombsarelocatedinSuizhouandbelongtothemembersoftherulinglineageoftheZengpolity.ItisbelievedbyarchaeologiststhatthetwotombsareofequalsignificanceinprovidingimportantevidenceforunderstandingoftheSuiculture，ritualpracticesandmusicalperformancesinthepre-Qintimes，andtherelationshipsbetweentheSuiandChupolities.ThepresentvolumereportsthediscoveryandexcavationofthetombNo.2atLeigudun.Itincludes449burialgoodsofvariouskinds，and32areunearthedfromadisturbingditch.Dateofthetombandthesocialstatusoftheoccupantarebothgivenindetailinthetextualsections.ThoughthetombNo.2wasactuallyexcavatedveryearly，thesitereportonlycomesoutaslateas2008formanyreasons.Wewouldparticularlyliketothankthepeoplewhoworkedveryhardinthepastseveraldecadeskeepingandconservingthematerialsfortheirpublication.Thereporthasfourchapters.ChapterIIntroductionThefirstsectionintroducesthegeographiclocationofSuizhou，environmentalandpoliticalchangessincethelateWesternZhoudynasty.SectiononealsoincludesthesituationofthecemeterywherethetombNo.2islocated，conservationandreconstructionofthefinds，andmaterialpreparationforpublication.Suizhouislocatedintheso-calledSui-Zaocorridor，anarrowjointareaofthesouthandnorthpartsofChina，withbeautifullandscapes，comfortableclimateconditionsandfertilesoilforagriculturaluseanddenselyveinedwithrivers;foralltheabovementionedgeographicandnaturalconditions，thecityhasalwaysbeenperceivedsincetheantiquityasanidealandimportantlocationforhumanlivingandculturalcommunicationbetweenthesouthandthenorthofChina.TheSuipolitywasestablishedinthelateWesternZhouperiod.DuringtheearlySpringandAutumnperiod，itmoveditscapitaltotheSui-ZaocorridorareaandsubsequentlybecameapowerfulpolityontheeastbankoftheHanshuiRiver.ChapterIITombsandtheMajorOccupantDataofthetombNo.2includesfouraspects：burialmound，burialpit，furnishings，andtreatmentsofthedead.1.TherewasindeedamoundrightabovetheburialchamberofthetombNo.2atLeigudun，whichwastotallyleveledtothegroundbythelocalmilitaryforcewhenbuildingacamp;2.Thesecondpartintroducesthelocation，orientation，size，structure，andthefilloftheburialpit;3.Thethirdpartintroducesthemajorcoffinandsubordinatecoffins;thecoffinofthetomboccupantislocatedinthemiddleofthenorthernpartoftheburialchamber，seriouslydeteriorated;coffinaccessoriesarescatteredaround;remainsofanothercoffin，probablyasubordinatecoffintothemajorcoffin，wasdiscov-eredinthesouthwesterncomerofthechamber，withnoburialgoodsinside;4.Theskeletaldataisquitelimitedsincethebonesarehighlydeteriorated;whatwecanknowfromthebonesleftisthatthemajoroccupantwasheadedtotheeast，whilethesacrificedvictimintheaccompanyingcoffinwasburiedinanorth-southorientation.ChapterIIIBurialGoodsVeryabundantburialgoods（intotal，449singleobjects）havebeenrecoveredfromthetombNo.2，includingbronzes，stoneandjadeobjects，potteryvessels，hornandglassobjects，shellornaments，andleadandtinvessels.Accordingtofunction，theycanbeclassifiedintomainlysixcategories，i.e.，ritualvessels，musicalinstruments，lifetools，horseandchariotfittings，adornments，andburialgoods.（1）BronzesRitualvesselsinclude：17ding（meat-stewingtripod），8gui（grain-offeringvessel），4fu（roundvesselwithflatbowlonhighopenworkfoot），10li（tripodalcookingvesselwithpouch-shapedfeet），1yan（grainsteamer），4zun（liquid-servingvessel），2washingpots，4pots，3dou（stembowl），1fu（vesselwithglobularbottom，madetofitastovetop），1dish，1yi（pouringvessel），3bi（pointedspoon），and1dou（ladlewithcylindricalcontainer）;Musicalinstrumentsinclude：36yongzhongbells，1drumstand，22hooksforhangingthebells;Lifetoolsinclude：1fire-pan，1dustpan，1lid，1hook-shapedimplement，and1funnel;Horseandchariotfittingsandornamentsinclude：4canopymounts，5axle-endornaments，6horsebits，16reigncontrollers，102bridleornaments，11bicha，36bird-shapedand18plank-shapedadornments.（2）JadeandstoneburialgoodsRitualobjectsinclude：1bi（ring-shapeddisc），and1gui（pentagonaltablet）;Musicalinstrumentsinclude：12chimestones;Ornamentsinclude：2arc-shapedpendants，and8agaterings;（3）Ceramicvessels：7dou（4）Leadandtinobjectsinclude64fish-shapedornaments，and15coffinaccessories;（5）Othersignificantfindsinclude7horngig-bits，apairofdeerantlers，3crystalbeads，1stringofring-shapedbeads，and1shellornament.Thetombwasmostlikelytohavebeenlootedinantiquity，whichiscorroboratedbytheco-occurrenceofthedisturbingditchnearthecoffinofthemajoroccupantandthelargeamountofburialgoodsseeminglyleftbythelooterswithintheditchbychurningthetombsoil.Itisforthisreason，wedeliberatelyseparatethesefindsfromthoseunearthedfromwithinthetombchamber.The32findsfromtheditchinclude1potterydou，1stonebi，1jaderamfigurine，1jaderabbitfigurine，1jadeplug，20glassbeads，5perforatedturquoisebeads，and1spade-shapedironobject.Allthesefindsareintroducedinatypologicalorder.Onesampleisselectivelygivenwhenmanytypologicallyidenticalvesselsarefound.ChapterIVConclusionsThelastsectionofthisreportincludesthefollowingresearchresults：（1）DateofthetombNo.2atLeigudun：latephaseoftheearlyWarringStatesperiodthroughtheearlyphaseofthemiddleWarringStatesperiod;（2）Identityofthemajortomboccupant：anotherMarquiseoftheZengpolityafterthefamousMarquiseYi;（3）ThoughthefindsreflectaseriousinfluencefromtheChuculture，themajorelementsofthemortuarypracticebelongtotheZengculturalsphere.