新HSK汉语学习与考试教程 书写与口语（四级）

新HSK汉语学习与考试教程（4级）是针对准备通过新HSK4级的考生而编写的系列汉语学习教材，其中《新HSK汉语学习与考试教程书写与口语（四级）》是专为准备新HSK（4级）的中级书写、口语考试编写。本册的编写一改以往HSK考试模拟题的方式，而是切合新HSK中级书写、口语考试的测试要求和目标，将考试内容和汉语通用的语言知识要点融合在一起。因此本册教材不仅可以作为考生准备新HSK4级考试的自学材料，也可以作为普通的汉语教材供教师和学习者使用。《新HSK学习教程》（书写、口语4级）在编写上还具有以下特点：NewHSKLearningCourse(LevelIV)referstoaseriesofChinese-learningtextbookswhichareespeciallycompiledanddesignedforthecandidatespreparingtopassthenewHSK(LevelIV)testandamongwhichtheNewHSKLearningCourse(WritingandSpeakingLevelIV)iscompiledforthespecificpurposeofpreparingtheWritingandSpeakingTest(IntermediateLevel)ofthenewHSK(LevelIV)test.Asforthecompilationofthisbook，thetraditionalpractice-testmodelisabandonedwhilethecontentsofthetestandtheuniversally-usedkeylanguagepointsofChinesearemergedtogetherincorrespondencewiththerequirementsandobjectivesoftheWritingandSpeakingTest(IntermediateLevel)ofthenewHSKtest.Therefore，thisbookservesnotonlyastheself-studymaterialsforthecandidatespreparingforthenewHSKLevelIV，butalsoastheordinaryChinese-learningtextbooksfortheuseoftheteachersandlearners.NewHSKLearningCourse(WritingandSpeakingLevelIV)hasthefollowingfeaturesinaspectofcompilation：一、本教程首次将“书写表达”和“口语表达”融合为一，结构编排以“词—语—句—篇章与对话—结构—模拟训练”为顺序。《新HSK汉语学习与考试教程书写与口语（四级）》共分10课，每课以话题为中心，由词语银行、词语训练、语句训练、表达与交际、结构与形式、动手写和开口说等七个板块组成。其中“词语银行”相当于以往教材的生词表；“表达与交际”是该课的主课文（短文形式）和作为补充材料的小对话，以及语段表达知识，语段表达知识兼顾话题功能和篇章结构；“结构与形式”相当于以往教材的语言点，侧重语法知识。“动手写”和“开口说”是针对新HSK4级的书写和口语考试的模拟题。I.Thistextbookisthefirstbookofthiskindtointegrate“writtenexpression”with“oralexpression”，anditsstructureisarrangedinorderof“word—language—sentence—chapteranddialogue—structure—simulationtraining”.NewHSKLearningCourse(WritingandSpeakingLevelIV)isdividedinto10lessonswitheachlessonistopic-focusedandcomposedof7panels，thatisthewordbank，worddrilling，statementdrilling，expressionandcommunication，structureandform，usingyourhandstowriteaswellasopeningyourmouthtospeak，etc.Andamongthem，“wordbank”istheequivalentofthewordlistinthepasttextbooks;“expressionandcommunication”containsthemaintextofthelesson(intheformofshortpassage)，themini-dialoguesusedasthesupplementarymaterialsandthediscourseexpressionknowledgewhichtakesaccountofbothtopicfunctionandchapterstructure;“structureandform”equalsthelanguagepointsinthetraditionaltextbookswithitsfocusongrammarknowledge.Usingyourhandstowriteaswellasopeningyourmouthtospeakarethepractice-testexercisestargetedatthewritingandspeakingtestofthenewHSKLevelIV.二、由于本教程是专门针对准备新HSK考试的学习者，因此编写注意寓教于练，注重训练的层次性、多样性和针对性。例如，“词语银行”在本教程中是根据词语的含义、性质或围绕的主题，分类排列，以图培养学生的词语联想能力。紧跟其后的“词语训练”是以看图联想词语的形式出现，目的是让学习者对词语银行中的生词进行第一次复习。再后的“语句训练”是重点生词的词语搭配或常见语块，以及该课重要句子的提示，同时再配合“词语训练”中出现的图片，进行看图联系句子的训练，目的之一是使学习者进一步加深对该课重点生词的含义和用法的记忆，之二是起到一种预习作用，学习者进行完“语句训练”的内容，能更容易地学习该课的主课文和小对话。“结构与形式”在每一个讲解的结构形式后都针对性地设计了练习，练习以新HSK（4级）的书写部分题型为主，辅以其他类型的练习，不仅起到了操练语言形式和复习生词的作用，也使学习者更快更多地熟悉新HSK（4级）书写部分的考试。另外，“表达与交际”中也出现了一些口语或书面语表达方面的训练，如根据短文回答问题、根据提示词语复述课文和模仿交流等，目的为新HSK（4级）口语部分考试打基础。II.BecausethistextbookisspecificallyforthelearnersinpreparationofthenewHSKtest，itscompilationpaysattentiontothecombinationofteachingindrillingandputsemphasisonthehierarchy，varietyandpertinenceofthedrilling.Forexample，inthe“wordbank”part，thewordsarecategorizedandarrangedaccordingtotheirmeanings，propertiesorsubjectstheycenterontofosterthewordassociationabilityofthestudents.The“worddrilling“followingcloselyispresentedintheformofwordtopictureassociationaimingtoenablethelearnerstoconductfirst-timerevisionofthenewwordsinthe“wordbank”.The“statementdrilling”comingnextmainlycontainsthelexicalallocationofthecrucialnewwordsorthehintsaboutthecommonly-seenlanguagechunksortheimportantsentencesappearinginthislessonandthetrainingofassociatingthesentencestothepicturesinsightincombinationwiththepicturespresentedinthe“worddrilling”，whichononehand，aimtodeepenthelearners’memoryofthemeaningsandusagesofthecrucialnewwordsinthislessonandontheotherhand，aimtoplayaroleofpre-readinginthatitwillbeeasierforthelearnerstostudythemaintextandmini-dialoguesinthislessonaftertheyfinishthecontentsinthe“statementdrilling”.Inthe“structureandform”part，targetedexercisesaredesignedaftereveryexplainedstructuralformandtheexercisesmainlyconsistoftypesofquestionsofthewritingpartofthenewHSK(LevelIV)testwithsupplementoftheothertypesofexerciseswhichnotonlyplaytheroleofdrillinglanguagepatternsandgoingoverthenewwords，butalsomakethelearnersfamiliarwiththewritingpartofthenewHSK(LevelIV)test.Inaddition，therearewrittenandoralexpressiontraininginthe“expressionandcommunication”，suchasansweringquestionsaccordingtothepassages，retellingthetextaccordingtothecluewordsandimitationexchanges，etc.，whichaimtolayabasisforthespeakingpartofthenewHSK(LevelIV)test.三、教程的编排也考虑到教学的可操作性。每个板块形成了环环相扣的有序的教学步骤，便于教师教学操作。而且，每个板块也设计了作用不一的教学任务，同时还兼有师生、生生间的互动活动，方便教师组织课堂教学。III.Asforthecompilationofthistextbook，theteachingoperabilityisalsotakenintoconsideration.Interlockingandorderlyteachingproceduresareformedineverypaneltofacilitatetheteachingoperationoftheteachers.Besides，teachingtaskswithdifferentfunctionsaswellasthestudent-studentandstudent-teacherinteractiveactivitiesarealsodesignedineverypaneltomakeitconvenientfortheteacherstoorganizeteachinginclass.四、本教程语言以新HSK3级、4级词为基础，生词以4级词为主，外加极少的5级词和超纲词。主课文的体裁为记叙文和说明文，个别课文也有议论文的特点，整体语体风格是偏口语化的书面语体或较正式的口语语体。IV.ThelanguageofthistextbookisbasedonthewordsofthenewHSKLevelIIIandLevelIVwhileitsnewwordsmainlyconsistofandalmostcoveralltheLevel-IVwordsinadditiontoafewwordsofLevelVandafewwordsbeyondthesyllabus.Mostofthemaintextsareinnarrativeandexpositorygenreswithafewofthemcharacterizedbyargumentativewriting.Theoveralllanguagestyleispartiallycolloquial-orientedwrittenlanguageandpartiallyratherformalcolloquialism.本教程若用于教学，建议一课的教学时间为4课时左右。建议用于短期HSK强化教学，教学时长为10周左右。Supposingthistextbookisusedinteaching，itisrecommendedthatalessonshouldbecompletedwithinabout4periods.Itissuggestedthatthisbookbeusedfortheshort-termHSKenhancementteachinglastingformoreorless10weeks.