固态磁性导论

ThepresentgreatlyenlargedversionwasmainlywrittenduringasabbaticalattheuniversityofUppsaladuring2000.Theaimofthebookistopresentalargelyphenomenologicalintroductiontothefieldofsolidstatemagnetismatarelativelyelementarylevel.Thetwobasicconceptsofmagnetisminsolidsnamelythelocalizedandthedelocalizeddescriptionarepresentedastheextremeapproaches.Thetruenatureofmagnetismlies，asofteninlife，somewhereinbetween，sometimesshowingatendencytowardsthemorelocalizedside，sometimestendingtothedelocalizedside.Itisperhapsthismixingofconceptswhichmakesmagnetismappearcomplicatedanddifficult.Anothersourceofconfusionisthedifferentlanguageusedbytheoreticiansandexperimentalists.Ihavetriedveryhardtoclarifytheserathermoresemanticproblemsandtouseauniformnomenclaturethroughoutthebook.Itismybeliefandmyexperiencethattheapproachpresentedhereprovidesausefulintroductionnotonlyforthephysicist，butalsofortheinterestedreadercomingfromfieldslikechenustry，electricalengineeringorevengeo-sciences.Themathematicalconceptsusedarekeptrathersimpleandhardlyevergobeyondanundergraduatecourseinmathematicsforphysicists，chemistsorengineering.SincethebookemergedfromalecturecourseIhavegivenatViennaUniversityofTechnologyforthelast15years，thechaptersinthebookarenotcompletelyself-contained.Thefirst-timereaderisthusadvisedtoreadthechaptersinthesequencethattheyappearinthebook.ItismysincerehopethatafterhavingreadthisbookthereaderwillagreethatforoncetheEncyclopediaBrittanicaisinerrorwhenitstatesFewsubjectsin，sciencearem，oredifficulttoun，derstan，thanmagn.etism，（EncyclopediaBrittanica，15thedition1989）.Thepresentbookdoesnotattempttocoverthewholefieldofsolidstatemagnetism，buttriestoprovideanoverviewbyselectingspecialtopics.Theideaistocreateaninterestinthisfascinatingfieldinwhichquantummechanics，thermodynamicsandcomputersimulationsjoinforcestoexplain"MagnetismintheSolidState".