现代热力学：第二定律的一种新表述（英文版）

Thereareonlytwofundamentalopportunitiesinthehistoryofthermodynamics.TheyaretheestablishmentofclassicaltherniodynamicsforonlyspontaneousprocessinsimplesystemonthebasisofCarnottheoremandtheestablishmentofmodernthermodynamicsfornonspontaneousprocessincoupledsystemonthebasisofthethermodynamiccouplingtheory，sincethereareonlytwokindsofspontaneousprocessesandnonspontaneousprocessesofmacroscopicchangesinNature(excludingunknownpartsoftheuniverse).Thermodynamicsisacorepartofmodernscience，andthesecondlawofthermodynamicsisthecoreofthermodynamics，whichwasstagnatedforabout150yearsinitsclassicalstageonlyforspontaneousprocessinsimplesystems.Thesecondlawofthermodynamicsshowsthechangeindirectionofthemacroscopicworld(orcalled"thearrowoftime")，andisregardedasoneofgreatesttenequationsinhistory.