软物质物理导论

Thistextbookwasdevelopedoveraperiodof10yearsfortheauthorslectureonsoftmatterphysicsforbothgraduateandundergraduatestudentsinthePhysicsDepartmentofFudanUniversity.SoftmattersaredifferentfromhardonesessentiallyduetoformersrelativelyweakinteractionwhichiscomparabletokBTrm(Trm=roomtemperature).Itisthisfeaturethatresultsinthemajorcharacteristicsofsoftmatterssuchas"strongreactionsuponweakactions".Thistextbooknotonlyconcentratesonthebasicinteractionsinsidesoftmattersinareductionistapproach(Chap.2,Chaps.5and6),butalsointroducestheexplorationworksonthecomplexityofsoftmattersinmethodsofsystemscience(Chap.4).Softmattersisabridgebetweenhardmattersandcomplexsystemsthatshowcharacteristicsofdeterministicchaosinnature.Asa"modelanimal"(amouse,ifyouprefer)insoftmatters,electrorheological(ER)fluidsareintroduced.WhilethepropertiesandmechanismsofstaticEReffectaresummerized(Chap.5),thistextbookputsitsemphasisonthedynamicEReffects(Chap.6).TheOnsagerprincipleofleastenergydissipationrateisadaptedinthetextbooktoseehowitgovernstheOptimalpathsofasystemsdeviationfromandrestorationtoequilibrium.Asanothermodelanimal,granularmediaisintroduced(Chap.7)toexplainthethermodynamicsofsandsanditsdynamicssuchascompartmentalization,patternformation,andgranu!arflow.Sincemanysoftmattersconsistoflightatoms,neutronscatteringappearsusefulas,apowerfultoolandisworthmentioning(Chap.3),especiallywhenasplashingneutronsourceisbeingerectedinChina.Softmatterphysicsisfullofunknowns(Chap.1)asthesubjectisstillatitsinfancy,makingithighlyattractive.Ifyoulikeachallengingsubject,youwillmostcertainlyfallinlovewithsoftmatterphysicsatfirstsight!